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A Dialogue with Rights & Democracy

Remarks by the Hon. David Kilgour, Member of Parliament (Edmonton Southeast) and Secretary of State (Asia-Pacific) at the International Centre on Human Rights and Democratic Development

Montreal, QC

20 May 2003

*Check Against Delivery

Thank you for having me here. Merci.

It almost goes without saying that Rights & Democracy plays a vital role in helping shape Canada’s foreign and development policies. Across government and both houses of Parliament, you are considered one of Canada’s foremost authorities on human rights, their protection, and their promotion. You act as a “conscience” for decision makers in many corner and other offices. Your work reinforces the categorical imperative of keeping human rights and human dignity at the centre of all decision making.

J’aimerais ouvrir la voie à notre discussion ce matin en énonçant brièvement certaines des difficultés avec lesquelles nous sommes aux prises lorsqu’il s’agit de défendre et de promouvoir les droits de la personne, tout en centrant bien entendu la plupart des observations sur la région de l’Asie-Pacifique. En bout de ligne, j’espère entendre votre point de vue dans le cadre d’une discussion libre.

La plupart des Canadiens s’attendent à ce que leurs gouvernements fassent la promotion des valeurs canadiennes à l’étranger. Ils désirent donc forcément que les droits de la personne se retrouvent en évidence dans la politique étrangère du Canada. Cela s’est manifesté haut et fort pendant le récent dialogue sur la politique étrangère. Les Canadiens veulent que nous fassions connaître le modèle canadien : une société multiculturelle inclusive, qui apprécie le rôle de la communauté, tout en comprenant la nature inaliénable des droits individuels garantis par la primauté du droit; un modèle où les droits de la personne et la dignité humaine résident dans chacun des citoyens canadiens.

I wish you all could have been present yesterday in Parliament as we closed the seminar following the annual National Prayer Breakfast. A young Montreal woman whose family fled Iraq in 1990 offered a Muslim prayer; she stood beside a young Ottawa man of origin in southern Sudan, who in turn prayed for peace and forgiveness as a Christian.

Canadians have no monopoly on human rights and human dignity. As was eloquently stated by Iris Almeida [is she here?], your Director of Policy and Programming, at the Montreal town-hall of the dialogue:

“We must be clear that these are universal values enshrined in the United Nations International Bill of Human Rights that Canadians cherish but also share with many citizens and states around the world. Our foreign policy should not be conceived as an exportation of Canadians’ values but rather as our unique and significant contribution to the common goals and projects of humanity.”

I couldn’t agree more.

As Canadians, how do we ensure that “our unique and significant contribution” is both heard and is effective?

There are no easy answers. I’d like to share with you some personal thoughts respect to Canada’s “unique” contribution to the common goals and projects of humanity.

First, the Canadian government’s policies in protecting and promoting human rights have traditionally been most effective when developed hand-in-hand with civil societies.

Second, Canada’s civil society is going to have a key role to play in conveying the uniqueness of our Canadian model.

Third, history indicates that human rights are best defended when the international community acts in concert; consequently Canada needs to redouble its efforts to reinforce multilateral institutions.

Finally, the defence of human rights cannot be left to states and civil society alone; our unique contribution will in part be measured by how well we can work in partnership with the private sector.

Ces concepts sont intimement liés à la démocratie. Notre promotion des valeurs canadiennes et notre défense des droits de la personne sont indissociables de la promotion des principes démocratiques. Les possibilités créées par la démocratie afin que les gens du monde entier vivent une vie épanouie sont évidentes, je ne m’y attarderai donc pas.

Le travail et la consultation auprès de la société civile sont ce qui a motivé le ministre Graham à lancer le dialogue sur la politique étrangère au début de l’année. Plus de 3 500 personnes ont participé aux forums de discussion, 19 tables rondes d’experts ont eu lieu, et le rapport sur le dialogue du ministre Graham a été téléchargé à 20 000 reprises.

In the last fifty years, some of Canada’s most important global accomplishments-- the Ottawa Land Mines Treaty and the International Criminal Court come to mind-- would not have been possible with the active collaboration of Canadian NGOs.

The uniqueness of Canadian civil society is that it reflects our vibrant yet mostly peaceful multi-ethnic character. About a year ago when the Aga Khan was in Canada, he asked outright, “How does the Canadian model work and can you export it?” If it only our model were easily duplicated. It is the product of well over 300 years of modern history and it is difficult if not impossible to package it for export purposes.

Cela dit, il n’y a probablement jamais eu dans l’histoire de l’humanité des divisions plus profondes entre les cultures et les croyances qu’aujourd’hui. En s’employant à obtenir le respect universel des principes des droits de la personne, nous devons surmonter ces divisions. Nous pouvons y parvenir notamment si notre gouvernement appuie les liens entre la société civile canadienne et d’autres parties du monde, en particulier dans les pays multiethniques tentant de créer une stabilité politique et sociale. Nos contributions au processus de paix au Sri Lanka viennent à l’esprit.

Un autre exemple est le travail continu de M. Uner Turgay, directeur des études islamiques à l’Université McGill, qui a récemment visité certains pays de l’Asie-Pacifique pour évaluer les relations entre le Canada et les communautés musulmanes de l’Asie du Sud-Est. À son retour, il a signalé que la communauté islamique de la région se sent « assiégée » et a décrit ce qu’il nomme un « grave manque de communication entre le monde occidental et islamique ». M. Turgay entreprendra évidemment des projets de suivi, et organisera peut-être une conférence ici à Montréal dans les prochains mois – à laquelle certains d’entre vous seront sans doute invités – avec des pays partenaires de l’Asie, dont la Thaïlande, l’Indonésie, le Brunéi et la Malaisie.

With respect to reinvigorating international institutions, most Canadians hold that humanity’s best interests lie with the universal norms of international law and within the framework of the United Nations. As the world becomes more interdependent, it strikes me as folly to abandon the planet’s most interdependent institution, the United Nations. With the onset of international terrorism and the fear fostered by diseases like SARS which don’t bother with international boundaries – the world is in dire need of more multilateralism, not less.

Now, in the immediate aftermath of the war in Iraq, we need to take stock of our existing multilateral institutions and consider how to make them more effective. Can we realistically discuss reforming the security council? Can we consider greater roles for more representative bodies such as the G20? How do we reform the much-criticized UN Commission on Human Rights? Difficult questions that will require strong leadership – perhaps leadership that Canada is well placed to provide.

Finally, now more than ever there is scope to promote human rights and human dignity in partnership with the private sector. Making money and defending human rights are not mutually exclusive principles. In fact, company bottom lines are now more than ever are influenced by the public expectation that they operate in a manner consistent with the principles of human rights.

Our government is under pressure to reward and reinforce good corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices by Canadian companies, and to develop policies that address Canadian corporate activity in zones of conflict and regions with weak governance. Certainly, some high publicity cases, such as Talisman Energy’s operations in Sudan and Ivanhoe Mines’ projects in Burma, have spurned this process forward.

In the coming years, we will need to focus on a common framework for Canadian business with respect to CSR. We have to be more resolute in communicating OECD guidelines for multi-national enterprises to Canadian businesses, labour groups, and NGOs. The idea of “Publish What you Pay,” whereby natural resource companies would be required to publish how much they’re paying the government to extract these resources, in countries like Angola and the DRC, deserves attention. Ultimately, what we need to do is explore ways to better institutionalise the cooperation between government, the private-sector, and NGOs, such that we can consult on best practices and work together to promote development, good governance, and human rights.

Pour conclure, j’ai abordé des questions très vastes, dont nous pourrions discuter pendant des heures. En ce qui concerne les priorités géographiques personnelles en Asie-Pacifique, j’en ai seulement mentionné quelques-unes : la Chine, le Sri Lanka et la Birmanie.

Avant d’entamer notre discussion, je terminerai en vous proposant un dernier sujet de réflexion : nous ne pouvons pas oublier la question des ressources, humaines et financières. De tous les points que j’ai traités, qu’il s’agisse de mieux faire participer la société civile, ou la RSE, ou le renforcement des institutions multilatérales; et les secteurs dont je n’ai pas discuté : la hausse des dépenses en matière de défense et l’aide au développement – au bout du compte, tout se résume à déterminer nos priorités et à affecter les ressources suffisantes pour les réaliser. Ces décisions ne se prennent pas en vase clos. Même si les sondages révèlent que la plupart des Canadiens désirent voir augmenter les dépenses en matière de sécurité et l’aide au développement, la plupart ne veulent pas souscrire à ces augmentations si elles se font aux dépens des soins de santé et de l’éducation.

Don’t get me wrong, I’m not abdicating responsibility for the government, but it is our job to listen to Canadians and then make responsible decisions.

And so when it comes to defending and promoting human rights, we have to consult and work ever more closely with our experts ... such as all of you. It’s why I’m here today. It’s why Gar Knutson was here two weeks ago. I’m sure that working together, we will act in a way that meet Canadians’ expectations and promotes and protects human rights and human dignity everywhere.

Thank you. Merci.

 
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