After many years of trying to join the WHO, Taiwan was finally allowed to send an
observer delegation to the World Health Assembly (WHA) meeting last month in Geneva. Taiwan is not
a full-fledged member of the world health body, but it has at last been able to get its foot in the
door.
One year ago, I wrote in the Taipei Times that the time had come for the
international community to recognize Taiwan as the de facto state that it is, and that the WHO
should invite Taiwan “to become a full-fledged member of the global body. Failing that, Taiwan
ought to be considered, at the very least, for observer status in the WHA.
I acknowledged then, and still do now, that Taiwan is not
yet a de jure state, i.e. it is not recognized by a majority of the international community.
However, other non-state entities, in the legal sense, have been awarded WHA observer status in the
past, e.g. Palestine, the Holy See, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the
International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Inter-Parliamentary
Union. Even the Sovereign Military Order of Malta was given observer status at the WHA.
So why not Taiwan?
We are all aware that Beijing has insisted since the 1970s
that Taiwan is a “breakaway” province of China that ought to be returned to the “motherland.”
The government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has used every coercive diplomatic measure,
including the threat of the use of force, to deny Taiwan the kind of international recognition that
would see it become a member of the family of nations.
China has persistently utilized its “one China” policy to
block Taiwan’s appeal for membership in the UN, as well as the WHO and other intergovernmental
bodies, from even being included in the UN agenda.
The PRC has maintained that the principles of universality
and self-determination — which are entrenched in the UN Charter — do not apply to Taiwan. In
fact, the Chinese government refuses to use the name “Taiwan,” insisting on the moniker Zhonghua
Taibei (中華台北) — or Chinese Taipei.
Since 1997, the PRC has vetoed every attempt made by Taiwan
to join the WHA as an observer. So why did China suddenly choose last month to allow the WHA to
grant Taiwan this status?
One answer could be that the election of the pro-China
Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) as the new government of Taiwan in May last year, replacing the
Taiwan-centric Democratic Progressive Party, created a climate of improved relations between Taiwan
and China.
Indeed, since President Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) was
inaugurated on May 20, he has tried to make good on his campaign promises to seek better relations
with China. We have seen evidence of his conciliatory moves with the opening of direct cross-strait
charter flights and cargo, the increase in Chinese visitors to Taiwan, the conversion of the
Chinese yuan in Taiwanese banks and the removal of some investment restrictions by the Taiwanese
government.
But could there be another reason?
Perhaps even the PRC has come around to recognizing the
importance of having Taiwanese public health expertise represented in the world health body,
especially since the outbreak of the A(H1N1) influenza.
China, along with Taiwan, is among the 40 countries across
the globe reporting laboratory-confirmed cases of the new influenza. After the experience with the
SARS outbreak in 2003, the Chinese government seems to have become much more pragmatic about ways
to deal with swiftly spreading pandemics.
Perhaps it now realizes that shutting out Taiwan’s highly
respected public health expertise from the WHA back then was a major mistake. Note that it was the
current Taiwanese minister of health, Yeh Ching-chuan (葉金川), who helped expose Beijing’s
attempt to keep the outbreak of SARS secret.
Clearly, the PRC is now realizing why some of the world’s
leading medical organizations have been calling on the WHO to include Taiwan in the WHA. Taiwan has
one of the best public healthcare systems in the world as well as one of the highest life
expectancies in Asia.
Taiwan has been successful in eradicating such infectious
diseases as the bubonic plague (1948), smallpox (1955), rabies (1959), malaria (1965) and polio
(2000). It was the first country in the world to implement a hepatitis B immunization program.
It shares its advanced medical knowledge and technology with
several developing countries that have poor or non-existent medical institutions. It has provided
medical humanitarian assistance to places like Haiti, Guatemala, Fiji, the Marshall Islands and
Kenya.
Thus, valuable lessons can be learned by all UN members from
Taiwan’s experience in public health and its response to disease outbreaks and crises. With the
outbreak of swine flu, the Taiwanese government also moved quickly to create the Central Epidemic
Command Center to contain the spread of the A(HINI) virus across the region.
Pragmatists in China should understand by now that the
globalization of disease does not respect jurisdictional boundaries and that there should be no
“gaps” in international disease prevention.
The warming of relations between Taiwan and China could in
fact lead to mutual vulnerability when it comes to the spread of pandemics like SARS and swine flu.
International cooperation to beat back these fast-spreading diseases should therefore come before
political posturing.
Let’s hope that this pragmatism prevails the next time
Taiwan makes a request to join another UN specialized agency. If the world can benefit from
Taiwan’s expertise in the area of public health, it can also profit from its expertise in other
areas, such as environmental protection, sustainable economic development, trade and labor
standards, educational policy and democratic practice.
W. Andy Knight is a professor of international relations at
the University of Alberta.